Noha Gad

The transformative agenda of the Saudi Vision 2030 placed increasing real estate ownership at the core of its economic diversification and social development goals. It targets raising the homeownership rate among Saudis to more than 70% by 2030. Beyond domestic ownership, this ambitious initiative introduced pioneering reforms to open the real estate market to foreign investors, notably the Real Estate Owner Residency, which allows foreigners to own or usufruct residential real estate assets with a minimum of SAR 4 million within the Kingdom.

The Saudi cabinet recently approved the foreign property ownership law, permitting non-Saudis to own property in Riyadh and Jeddah, while ownership in Mecca and Medina will be subject to additional regulatory conditions due to their religious status. The Real Estate General Authority (REGA) is expected to define the geographical boundaries and publish the implementing regulations within 180 days.

Scheduled to enter into effect early 2026, the new law is expected to pave the way for new investment opportunities and anticipated deals within the real estate and property technology (proptech) sectors.

According to the Minister of Municipal and Rural Affairs, Majed Al-Hogail, the new law is designed to enhance the real estate sector and attract foreign direct investments (FDI) to bolster housing supply across the Kingdom.

Aligned perfectly with the Premium Residency Program (Iqama) and the existing regulations governing real estate ownership by GCC citizens, the new law is anticipated to create a coherent and integrated framework for foreign investment in the Saudi real estate sector, facilitating cross-border property ownership and residency benefits.

Experts predict the new law to allow non-resident foreigners to purchase property outright with lower investment thresholds and without the need for local sponsors, ultimately attracting different investors and buyer segments to the market and stimulating demand in the residential sector.

Alaa Aljarousha, Senior Manager for Research in Saudi Arabia at CBRE MENA, the world’s leading full-service real estate services and investment organization, stated in an interview with Alarabiya Business that the new law will contribute to increasing FDIs and enhancing supply in the real estate market in general.

She affirmed that enabling foreign residents and non-residents to own property in major cities like Jeddah and Riyadh will lead to an upward growth in property value.

Implications of the new foreign real estate ownership law on key sectors  

This new law is projected to have significant implications on key Saudi sectors, including tourism, proptech, construction and urban development, financial services, and investment, as well as legal and professional services.

Allowing foreigners to own property in major Saudi cities will attract global developers and investors to build hotels, resorts, and mixed-use development projects, thereby enhancing the tourism infrastructure in the Kingdom. Also, the clear ownership rights for foreigners can increase confidence among global tourists and investors, encouraging longer stays and investment in tourism-related real estate.

The new law is also anticipated to drive adoption of proptech solutions such as blockchain-based title registries, digital platforms for property listings, and virtual tours. According to the National Technology Development Program (NTDP), leveraging advanced tech solutions in the building and construction sector could reduce mistakes by 35%, eliminate travel costs by up to 75%, and increase data transparency and accuracy by 80%. For instance, Saudi proptech platforms, such as WakeCap, WhiteHelmet, and Rize, play an instrumental role in bolstering the real estate and construction sectors in Saudi Arabia by offering smart construction site management technologies. 

Additionally, the construction and urban development sector is expected to witness a surge in demand for new residential, commercial, and mixed-use projects in Riyadh and Jeddah, driving growth in construction activity and infrastructure development to support expanding urban areas.

The new foreign real estate ownership law is also expected to contribute to maximizing FDIs and stimulating banking, mortgage financing, insurance, and investment management sectors.

Overall, the new foreign real estate ownership law is not an isolated change but a key component of a comprehensive policy framework. It harmonizes with existing residency regulations and GCC ownership initiatives to promote foreign investment, improve market accessibility, and advance Saudi Arabia’s economic diversification and urban growth goals. This coordinated approach ensures regulatory consistency, amplifying the law’s effectiveness in drawing a broad range of foreign investors while protecting the nation’s interests. 

Kholoud Hussein 

In today’s fast-evolving business world, especially within the high-growth startup ecosystem, the traditional employer-employee dynamic is undergoing a fundamental shift. One of the most powerful tools fueling this change is the Employee Stock Ownership Plan (ESOP)—a compensation mechanism that offers employees an equity stake in the company. Once considered a niche concept in corporate America, ESOPs have become a strategic cornerstone in startups across the globe, including emerging ecosystems in the Middle East, North Africa, and beyond.

What Is an ESOP?

An Employee Stock Ownership Plan (ESOP) is a program that allows employees to become partial owners of the company they work for. Instead of solely receiving salaries or bonuses, employees are granted shares (or options to buy shares) in the company, either directly or through a trust. These shares typically vest over a period of time, incentivizing long-term commitment and alignment with the company’s goals.

In simpler terms, ESOPs give employees "skin in the game." When the company does well, so do they. If the company is acquired or goes public, employees with vested stock can realize substantial financial gains.

Why Startups Embrace ESOPs

Startups, especially in their early stages, often face budget constraints. Offering high salaries to attract top talent isn't always feasible. That’s where ESOPs come in—not only as a financial workaround but as a strategic asset.

1. Talent Attraction and Retention:
   In highly competitive markets, top-tier talent is drawn to startups that offer equity. The promise of future ownership, particularly in a fast-scaling company, can be more appealing than a higher salary at a traditional firm.
2. Motivation and Performance:
   When employees are co-owners, they’re more likely to think and act like entrepreneurs themselves. This fosters a culture of accountability, innovation, and performance-driven decision-making.
3. Cash Preservation:
   By offering equity instead of higher cash compensation, startups can allocate resources to product development, marketing, or scaling—vital for survival and growth in early stages.
4. Alignment of Interests:
   ESOPs naturally align employee interests with those of the founders and investors. Everyone becomes invested in the company's success, leading to better collaboration and long-term thinking.

How ESOPs Work in Startups

Typically, startups set aside a percentage of their equity—often 10% to 20%—in an "ESOP pool." This pool is then distributed among current and future employees based on role, seniority, and performance.

Shares are not handed out all at once. Instead, they vest over time, commonly on a 4-year schedule with a 1-year cliff. That means employees earn their shares gradually, encouraging them to stay and contribute over the long haul.

In high-growth startups, especially those targeting IPOs or acquisitions, vested ESOPs can become extremely valuable. Employees may cash out during an exit event or through secondary share sales, transforming equity into life-changing rewards.

ESOPs in Emerging Markets

In the MENA region, the concept of ESOPs is gaining ground as local startups mature and global investment interest rises. Governments and regulators in Saudi Arabia, the UAE, and Egypt are beginning to recognize the value of employee ownership as a means of encouraging entrepreneurship and economic diversification.

However, challenges remain, such as legal frameworks, tax implications, and cultural acceptance. Many employees remain unfamiliar with the concept of equity compensation, and some startup founders are hesitant to dilute their ownership stake. Education and transparency are crucial in bridging this gap and fully unlocking the potential of ESOPs in regional markets.

To conclude, for startups, ESOPs are not just a tool to attract employees—they are a strategic enabler of growth, culture, and resilience. They align incentives, foster loyalty, and build a sense of shared mission. In a world where innovation moves fast and people drive performance, ownership can be a game-changer.

As startup ecosystems continue to expand globally, integrating ESOPs into compensation strategies will not only help attract top talent but will also redefine how success is shared and who gets to own the future.

Ghada Ismail

Founded in 2006 in San Marino, Bioscience Institute has grown into a leading name in regenerative medicine and genomics, with key operations in Europe and the Middle East. The company was the first to establish a private stem cell lab in the GCC, launching a state-of-the-art Cell Factory and Biobank in Dubai.

Known for its strong focus on research and innovation, Bioscience works closely with top universities and reinvests in developing advanced therapies. As it looks to expand further into the Gulf, particularly Saudi Arabia, the company is bringing its expertise in stem cells, personalized medicine, and AI-powered diagnostics to the region.

In this interview, we explore how Bioscience built credibility in a new field, how it views the Saudi market, and what’s next for its growth in the GCC.

You launched the first private stem cell lab in the GCC back in 2013. What was the regional and global landscape for stem cell therapy like at the time, and how did you establish scientific credibility in such an emerging field?

When we began our stem cell cultivation activity in Dubai in 2013, we built a cell factory that was the only one of its kind in the entire Middle East. At the time, there were only about a hundred clinical trials underway, whereas now there are more than 1,600. Back then, there were no authorizations from the FDA or the European Medicines Agency, whereas now such approvals exist. Scientific evidence was limited to a few localized treatments, whereas today systemic physiopathological and pathological conditions are being treated with excellent results. Scientific evidence and our rigorous activity have contributed to building our credibility in the region.

Bioscience has been operating across Europe and the UAE. What draws you to Saudi Arabia now, and how do you view its potential for knowledge transfer and long-term collaboration?

We are very interested in what is happening in KSA and in the opportunity to export our know-how, which began to take shape in 2007 when we started our operations in Italy. For this to happen, it will be necessary to share our experience with a Saudi partner who is suitable in terms of expertise and capabilities.

How would you describe the regulatory and cultural environment in the GCC when it comes to adopting advanced biomedical technologies like stem cell therapy?

The regulatory and cultural environment of the GCC has been open to dialogue and has not taken a prejudiced stance. As a result, it focuses on the substance of proposals, facilitating the introduction of innovative technologies in the region more quickly than in other countries. The GCC regulatory framework is highly flexible and is not influenced by the lobbying of large industries, as is often the case in the USA and Europe.

How is Bioscience leveraging AI to support clinical decision-making and improve patient outcomes, especially as the company expands into more complex markets like Saudi Arabia?

We use AI for our Clinical Decision Support System, which assists our physicians in performing accurate patient assessments and identifying the most suitable therapy by cross-referencing data from numerous biomarkers—something that would otherwise be impossible for a human to achieve.

With digital transformation reshaping patient expectations in Saudi Arabia, how is Bioscience adapting its technology and service models to meet demand for more personalized and tech-enabled care?

We have developed an IT platform that functions as an operating system and can be integrated into the operations of any clinic, enabling the use of the most advanced protocol in the fields of molecular biology, genomics, and regenerative medicine with stem cells and exosomes.

Given Saudi Arabia’s growing investment in biotech and innovation, do you see the Kingdom emerging as a regional R&D hub for regenerative medicine in the coming years?

Saudi Arabia has the potential to become a hub for R&D in regenerative medicine; however, in addition to investments, a supportive environment and incentives should be created for companies with know-how that could be shared.

Kholoud Hussein

In recent years, Saudi Arabia has witnessed a remarkable increase in the visibility of women-led startups. From tech-driven platforms to homegrown fashion brands, female entrepreneurs are gaining traction in the Kingdom’s evolving business landscape. But as the spotlight intensifies—especially under the broad banner of Vision 2030—a critical question emerges: Are women-led startups in Saudi Arabia a quiet revolution reshaping the economy, or are they part of a carefully curated PR narrative aimed at polishing the Kingdom’s global image?

The answer lies somewhere in between. While genuine structural reforms and individual success stories signal meaningful progress, the overwhelming emphasis on optics and international perception also plays a prominent role.

Legal and Policy Shifts Enabling Women Entrepreneurs

Before the launch of Vision 2030 in 2016, the economic participation of Saudi women faced substantial structural and societal barriers. Business ownership required male guardian approval, mobility was severely restricted, and access to funding and banking services was minimal. Many women operated informally from home, often limited to traditionally “feminine” sectors like tailoring, catering, and private tutoring.

The narrative began shifting dramatically with Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman’s ambitious reform agenda. Vision 2030 placed women’s economic empowerment at the center of national transformation, not just for gender parity but as an economic imperative. Reforms rolled out in rapid succession: women could start businesses without guardian approval, freely open bank accounts, and participate in major economic sectors previously off-limits.

The regulatory overhaul included streamlined company registration through platforms like Meras, flexible work arrangements, and enhanced maternity protections. Institutions like Monsha’at, the General Authority for Small and Medium Enterprises, began offering targeted support, including training programs and access to incubation hubs. Public-private partnerships, such as Flat6Labs, Wadi Makkah, and Badir, have incorporated specific tracks to support female founders.

Indicators of Growth and Participation

The numbers paint a compelling—if still partial—picture of progress. According to the Saudi Ministry of Commerce, the number of women-owned businesses rose by over 60% between 2016 and 2023. Women now own more than 25% of registered SMEs, with a strong presence in sectors such as e-commerce, fashion, beauty tech, wellness, edtech, and food delivery.

The country also saw female labor force participation grow from 17% in 2016 to over 36% by the end of 2023, suggesting that female entrepreneurship is riding on the back of broader economic integration.

Still, the funding picture remains uneven. While women-led startups have secured high-profile funding rounds—especially in health tech and e-commerce—they receive less than 7% of total venture capital deployed in the Kingdom, according to a 2024 report by MAGNiTT. Most of this funding is clustered in early-stage rounds, with a significant drop-off when it comes to scale-ups.

Inside the Experience: Success, Exposure, and Gaps

Behind the aggregate numbers are real women who reflect both the promise and pitfalls of Saudi Arabia’s startup revolution.

Take the case of Sara Al-Rashed, founder of a Saudi edtech platform offering gamified Arabic learning tools for children. Her company received support from a local accelerator and won recognition at regional innovation forums. Yet, when it came time to scale, she struggled to attract Series A funding. Several investors voiced concern about her ability to lead a high-growth tech company as a solo female founder—a subtle but telling form of gender bias.

In contrast, Reem Al-Jaber, who launched a high-end wellness and beauty brand targeting GCC markets, not only received angel investment but also inked distribution partnerships with two major Saudi retailers. Her success was featured in multiple government-sponsored media outlets and at international trade events. Yet, critics note that her brand, while highly visible, has yet to break even—a reminder that not all media coverage reflects business fundamentals.

These examples reveal a complex truth: some women are building resilient, scalable startups, while others gain media traction without matching financial success. The disparity highlights the need to distinguish between authentic progress and symbolic representation.

Public Narratives and the Power of Visibility

Saudi Arabia’s image overhaul is a cornerstone of Vision 2030, and women entrepreneurs are a critical part of that strategy. High-profile forums like LEAP, FII, and the Global Entrepreneurship Congress regularly spotlight female founders as proof of the Kingdom’s modernization. International media coverage often portrays these women as pioneers, shattering stereotypes in a conservative society.

While these stories are real and inspirational, the heavy emphasis on a few selected figures risks reducing systemic progress to PR optics. Corporate sponsors, banks, and government agencies often feature women entrepreneurs in ESG reports and ad campaigns, aligning their brand with the Kingdom’s progressive image. The Saudi Public Investment Fund (PIF) and the Ministry of Investment frequently emphasize female participation as part of their global investor pitch decks.

This strategic branding is not inherently negative—visibility matters. But without consistent support, mentorship, and equitable access to capital, these stories risk becoming superficial showcases rather than sustainable models of empowerment.

Challenges Below the Surface

Despite reforms, significant barriers persist for women-led startups. Access to funding remains a top hurdle. Investor networks are still predominantly male, and many women lack the informal connections or technical backgrounds that VCs typically favor.

Scaling a startup often requires partnership with logistics firms, government contractors, or large-scale suppliers—areas where women still face subtle discrimination. Moreover, societal expectations continue to weigh heavily. Many female entrepreneurs juggle business leadership with family obligations, in a culture that still views caregiving as a woman’s primary role.

These challenges are particularly acute outside urban centers like Riyadh and Jeddah, where conservative norms remain deeply entrenched. Even within cities, progress often relies on the backing of liberal-minded family members or sponsors.

Broader Influence and Long-Term Potential

Despite these headwinds, women-led startups are beginning to transform Saudi Arabia’s business ecosystem. Many female founders actively hire women, mentor younger entrepreneurs, and cultivate inclusive work cultures. This creates a multiplier effect that extends far beyond individual success.

For example, one fintech founder in the Eastern Province reportedly structured her team to include 70% women, offering flexible work-from-home options and onsite childcare. Her model—though still rare—is helping redefine what leadership looks like in a new Saudi economy.

Furthermore, these entrepreneurs are becoming role models for the next generation. As young Saudi girls see women launching companies, raising capital, and speaking at global summits, their expectations—and those of their families—begin to shift.

From Visibility to Viability

The rapid rise of women-led startups reflects real, measurable progress driven by sweeping legal reforms, cultural evolution, and individual ambition. But at the same time, the prominence of these founders in media campaigns and international forums points to a deliberate effort to shape perception, both inside and outside the Kingdom.

To ensure that this movement evolves from trend to transformation, more must be done. The government must deepen institutional support, investors must diversify funding pipelines, and the ecosystem must go beyond visibility to sustainability.

Only then will Saudi Arabia’s women-led startup surge prove to be not just a compelling narrative, but a lasting economic force.

Ghada Ismail

Speed is life in startup land. Getting your idea to market quickly can be the difference between leading the charge and watching someone else do it first. But let’s face it: building a product from scratch takes time, money, and technical resources that many founders simply don’t have, especially in the early days. That’s where white-label products come into play.

In effect, a white-label product is an off-the-shelf solution produced by one company and sold to another, which retails it and flaunts it as if it were theirs. It's the technology era's version of a bare piece of paper: you slap on your logo, your design, your dream, and you're in business.

White-labeling allows startups to quickly get started without having to reinvent the wheel. Instead of spending months on development, founders can focus on what really matters: building a great brand, growing rapidly, and gaining users.

Why Startups Prefer White-Label Solutions

White-labeling is a favorite tool for early-stage founders, especially those who are non-technical or those in highly regulated verticals such as fintech or healthtech. It's how you go fast without compromising quality or compliance.

Here's why it works so well:

• Quicker time-to-market: You can go to market in weeks instead of months.

• Lower costs: Skip the expensive development phase and save your money for scaling.

• Pre-integrated compliance: The majority of providers already comply with regulatory requirements in the industry, so you don't need to go through the legal trouble.

• White-label branding: Make the product fit your own brand; your image, your voice, your UX.

• Less development time: Spend less time developing and more time selling, marketing, and expanding.

It's a smart way to conduct a test in the real world without burning your runway.

Where White-Labeling Works Best

White-label models thrive in areas where the underlying functionality is analogous, and most crucial is how you brand and deliver value to your users.

Some of the most used industries where startups use white-label offerings are:

• Fintech: Digital wallets, BNPL (buy now, pay later) apps, insurance platforms, robo-advisors.

• E-commerce: Website builders, loyalty programs.

• Healthtech: Virtual clinics, appointment systems, patient portals.

• SaaS: Chatbots, invoicing platforms, analytics dashboards.

• Edtech: Learning platforms, online classrooms, exam tools.

Where a regulatory environment is strict, as in the case of Saudi Arabia, and sectors like fintech and healthtech are growing aggressively, white-label products allow startups to access markets rapidly without falling foul of regulation.

What to Watch Out For

No answer is ever perfect, naturally. White-labeling has its trade-offs, and here are some of them: 

• Limited control: You're working within someone else's template, so you could be restricted in what you can modify.

• Vendor dependence: Your product is dependent on the reliability and support of your white-label vendor.

• Scalability problems: As your business grows, you could end up having to switch to a custom-built system that can handle more users or special features.

• Insufficient differentiation: If you have more than one firm utilizing the same base product, your competitive edge has to come from branding, customer support, or add-ons.

The key is to use white-labeling as a stepping stone, not a long-term home. It's a great beginning, but you'll need to have an exit strategy when you outgrow it.

Wrapping Things Up…

White-label options represent a smart, strategic way in which startups are able to reach the market faster, spend less on developing out, and focus on growth. To many entrepreneurs, they're the magic ingredient to concept proofing and early traction.

But while a white-label product can help you get started, it won't make you successful. That's still up to you; how well you understand your users, how you build your brand, and how you adapt as you grow.

So if you're a founder with a vision and limited tech capabilities, or you operate in a tough, regulated space, white-labeling might be the go-to launch strategy for you to enter the market.